Thermalprinters have been used for many years, but were not used for high-qualitybarcode printing until the early 1980s. The principle of thermal printers is tocover a light-colored material (usually paper) with a transparent film, andheat the film for a period of time to turn to dark color (usually black, butalso blue). The image is created by heating, which produces a chemical reactionin the film. This chemical reaction occurs at a certain temperature. Hightemperatures accelerate this chemical reaction. When the temperature is lowerthan 60 °C, it takes a considerable time, even several years, for the film todarken; when the temperature is 200 °C, this reaction ends within a fewmicroseconds.
The thermalprinterselectively heats the thermal paper at certain Latest Mailing Database places, thus producingcorresponding graphics. Heating is provided by a small electronic heater on theprint head that is in contact with the heat-sensitive material. The heaters arelogically controlled by the printer in the form of square dots or stripes. Whendriven, a graph corresponding to the heating element is generated on thethermal paper. The same logic that controls the heating element also controlsthe paper feed, allowing graphics to be printed on the entire label or sheet.The most common thermal printer uses a fixed print head with a heated dotmatrix. The print head shown in the figure has 320 square dots.
Using thisdot matrix, the printer can print on any position of the thermal paper. Thistechnology has been used on paper printers and label printers.Usually, thepaper feeding speed of the thermal printer is used as an evaluation index, thatis, the speed is 13mm/s. However, some printers can print twice as fast whenthe label format is optimized. This thermal printer process is relativelysimple, so it can be transformed into a portable battery-powered thermal labelprinter. Due to the flexible format, high image quality, high speed and lowcost printed by thermal printers, the barcode labels printed by it are not easyto be stored in an environment higher than 60 °C, or exposed to ultravioletlight (such as direct sunlight) for long periods time storage.
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